create_model

Parameters

Name	Type	Description
`model_spec`	`str \| None`	Default:`None` Model specification in `provider:model` format (e.g., `'anthropic:claude-sonnet-4-5'`, `'openai:gpt-5.5'`) or just the model name for auto-detection (e.g., `'claude-sonnet-4-5'`). `If not provided, uses environment-based defaults.`
`extra_kwargs`	`dict[str, Any] \| None`	Default:`None` Additional kwargs to pass to the model constructor. These take highest priority, overriding values from the config file, except that provider-owned retry loops are disabled when known. The provider's own retry-count kwarg (`RETRY_PARAM_BY_PROVIDER`, usually `max_retries`) is forced off after this merge whenever dcode can identify it, because the model-node middleware owns the retry budget and nested SDK retries would multiply its attempts. Supplying that kwarg here logs a warning; use `--max-retries` or `[retries]` instead. A provider dcode cannot identify (absent from the registry, no `[retries.<provider>].param`, and no `max_retries` already in the kwargs) keeps its own retry loop and logs a warning saying so.
`profile_overrides`	`dict[str, Any] \| None`	Default:`None`
`cli_max_retries`	`int \| None`	Default:`None`
`bind_preserved_thinking`	`bool`	Default:`True`

Create a chat model.

Uses init_chat_model for standard providers, or imports a custom BaseChatModel subclass when the provider has a class_path in config.

Supports provider:model format (e.g., 'openai:gpt-5.5') for explicit provider selection, or bare model names for auto-detection.

Whether to apply the Anthropic preserved-thinking defaults (see _apply_anthropic_thinking_binding).

Pass False for a single-shot model that never replays thinking blocks across a prompt prefix change. Such a model gains nothing from the binding, and the injected thinking would push with_structured_output onto its unforced tool-call path.

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Parameters